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BOGOTA, Colombia -- Yulie Farfan
Chacon's presents are neatly tucked next to her frayed teddy bears on
the bed she last slept in on Feb. 20, 1996. Her single mother, Florinda
Farfan, has bought one gift for each birthday and Christmas her daughter
has missed since she was abducted one block from her home at the age of
11. Her mother wrapped each with bows and multicolored paper, for the
moment when "my baby comes home."
Across the street in this poor corner
of northwest Bogota, Norberto Garcia's hands shake as he pulls from his
wallet a dog-eared photo of his daughter, Andrea Garcia Lopez, who was
14 when she was kidnapped on Nov. 27, 1995. Like Yulie Chacon, she is
thought to have been abducted by an organized crime ring and sold into a
life of prostitution abroad.
Like a nightmarish fairy tale in which
young girls are spirited away by monsters, five were abducted from this
three-block stretch of 125th Street in Bogota's Miguelito neighborhood
from November 1995 to July 1997. Not one has been found.
"You know, the neighbors are calling
this place the `Street of the Damned,' " said Garcia. "But I think it's
more than just this street. What has happened to us in Colombia when
five girls are kidnapped on the same street and nobody can do anything
about it?"
The kidnappings on 125th Street
underscore the horrific problem of abductions of minors in Colombia,
where violence against children and teenagers has reached startling
proportions in the 1990s. Overall, five people are kidnapped in Colombia
each day, the highest rate in the world.
Children of wealthy families long have
been targets of Colombia's Marxist guerrillas and criminals looking to
fatten their wallets by holding hostages for ransom. But now, experts
say, criminals have branched out into "lower-end" abductions, targeting
children and teenagers from families of lesser means.
Sometimes, the children are nabbed by
small-time thieves in an attempt to extort a few hundred dollars from
poor families too frightened to go to the police -- and unable to hire
the private investigators often employed by rich families. In 1998,
Colombia experienced a record high of 1,844 kidnappings for ransom, with
120 of the victims under 18, according to Control Risks Group, a
London-based firm that investigates kidnapping cases. That number is
likely to be low, however, since most poor families and many wealthy
ones do not report kidnappings, especially of children.
Besides those who kidnap for profit,
Marxist guerrillas are targeting older teens from poor families,
especially in rural areas, for abduction and forced recruitment into
their movements, experts say.
While authorities say they don't know
what happened to the girls of 125th Street, anti-kidnapping activists
say several of the cases are similar to others in which poor girls have
been abducted and sent to brothels in Colombia and abroad. Since there
is no request for ransom -- in fact, the lives of relatives are often
threatened for their attempts to find missing children -- the cases do
not go to the experienced, anti-kidnapping department of the National
Police. Instead, these abductions are channeled into regular criminal
divisions, where only 8 percent of reported crimes are even
investigated, experts said.
"There is every indication to believe
they were kidnapped for" prostitution, said Viviana Esguerra Villamizar,
communications director for Pais Libre, a Bogota-based anti-kidnapping
group, which has investigated the cases. "They were all pretty, young
girls, and everything about the crimes indicate to us that they were
sold into prostitution, probably somewhere in Europe."
Such crimes are among the most
difficult to solve, authorities say. "The nature of the crimes makes it
less likely to get the victims back," said Gen. Rafael Pardo Cortes,
head of the National Police anti-kidnapping division. "For one, there is
rarely any communication established with the abductors. They could have
taken the minors anywhere."
There is also some suspicion that one
or more of the 125th Street girls may be among the growing number of
young sex crime victims. In January, a mass grave of 20 murdered, abused
children was uncovered in western Bogota. But with only 1 percent of
homicides resulting in prosecution in a country with a murder rate nine
times that of the United States, there is little hope for justice for
dead children.
The families on 125th Street have
channeled their pain into an extraordinary will to fight for the rights
of poor crime victims. They've brought the issue of child abductions in
particular to the forefront of Colombian consciousness, staging marches
in the center of Bogota every few months and launching a letter-writing
campaign to everyone from local congressmen to U.N. officials.
As a result, the local police this
past January -- 45 months after the first abduction -- put two full-time
investigators on the cases.
That's a ray of hope for mothers like
Florinda Farfan, 42, a cafeteria worker whose life has descended into
unrelenting grief since the loss of her only child.
Farfan cried softly as she pointed out
the pictures of Yulie covering most of the wall above her bed. A chubby
toddler in front of a big cake on her first birthday. A proud girl in a
white lace dress at her First Communion. A good student smiling with her
sixth grade report card in hand. "She wanted to be a computer
programmer," sobbed Farfan. "She had big dreams, my baby. She wasn't
going to be working in a cafeteria like me, making [$133] a month. No,
no."
The mother and daughter had slept in
single beds nestled in this small room since Yulie was a toddler.
Farfan, a slender woman with sharp features, walked over to the small
wooden closet in the corner of the room and started pulling out her
daughter's favorite dresses -- all of which Farfan had made for her on
the sewing machine by the bed. Farfan still launders her daughter's
clothing.
The day Yulie was kidnapped is burned
into her brain. After Farfan's nine-hour shift, she arrived home at 5:30
p.m. and saw that her daughter's knapsack wasn't there. Farfan called
her sister next door. No, she wasn't there, either. As Farfan went
outside, a neighbor told her that one of Yulie's friends saw two men in
a red Volkswagen grab her on their two-block walk home from school. It
was the only time Yulie was allowed outside unaccompanied by her mother
or aunt.
Farfan dashed to the police station,
where she was told she would have to wait 24 hours to make a report. She
spent that night, until 6 a.m., wandering the dangerous streets of
Bogota, searching for Yulie. The next day, after taking a vivid
description from the young witness and under nonstop pressure from
Farfan, police detained one suspect, believed to be associated with a
criminal gang. He was released the next day for lack of evidence. He was
found dead a month later.
Farfan, along with the other mothers
of the girls abducted on 125th Street, organized marches in their
neighborhood and went house to house handing out missing-persons
leaflets. Farfan even took out a loan to offer a $3,000 reward. The
response was threatening phone calls. "They called up and said, `Stop
looking for your daughter, old woman, or we're going to burn down your
house -- with you in it,' " Farfan said.
More than a year went by without a
clue. Then, one day in mid-1997, her sister received a brief, desperate
phone call from Yulie while Farfan was at work. "She was crying, and she
couldn't get out any information about where she was because someone
there in the room with her hung up the phone," Farfan said.
What does she think happened to her
daughter, who would have turned 15 this week? "Oh God," she sobbed.
"They tell me she's been sold as a prostitute. No, no, no. My baby."
Later, she dismissed talk that Yulie
may never return. "The police can stop looking, but it won't affect me.
I will never give up hope. Never. My Yulie is coming home."
Cutline:
The mothers of five girls who disappeared from a Bogota neighborhood
display their daughters' pictures in the capital city's central Plaza
Bolivar.
Florinda Farfan holds a picture of her only child, Yulie Chacon, who was
abducted on her way home from school three years ago.
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